Journal of "Social Sciences: Theory and Practice"
The journal of "Social Sciences: Theory and Practice" was founded in 2025. The founder and the publisher of the journal is the University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences (UTAS). The journal has developed and approved cover and title pages with an indication of the institution, imprint of the issue, ISSN, eISSN, editorial board, editorial policy, publication ethics and website. The license granted to the university journal can be checked at the following link: https://license.gov.uz/registry/0c4a5bd2-56f6-4adb-b931-1acbe4d30ea9 The aim of the journal: it aims to publish scientific research results and articles by scholars in the fields of social sciences. It was created as a leading periodical of social science research. The journal offers an interdisciplinary approach, seeks to achieve broad international appeal, and addresses issues and problems of various contemporary social sciences.
University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences
Personal views on autistic people from different cultures
Individual accomplishment and job advancement are celebrated and encouraged in individualistic societies, and individuals must accept responsibility for themselves and their families. In contrast, in collectivist societies, the individual is first and foremost a part of the society, and he is expected to submit to the collective while also caring for its well-being and success. Several studies have been undertaken to determine the variations in perception, knowledge, and attitude regarding neurodivergent persons between Westerners and Easterners. However, few research have proposed an effective strategy that can be used across cultures. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to review prior research studies on attitudes toward autistic people in individualistic and collectivistic cultures in order to propose a potential intervention for raising neurodiversity awareness and acceptance in both Western and Eastern societies.
autism spectrum disorder (ASD), collectivism, individualism, eastern culture, western culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of "Social Sciences: Theory and Practice" https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pedagogical Approaches to Cultivating Resource Management, Entrepreneurial Skills, and Economic Efficiency in Elementary Education
In the contemporary educational landscape, the integration of practical financial literacy and sustainable practices into school curricula has emerged as a critical necessity. This article comprehensively discusses the paramount importance of employing innovative pedagogical technologies to effectively organize and facilitate the process of forming resource management, entrepreneurship, and thrift skills in students. As global economic paradigms shift towards sustainability, cultivating a cognitive mindset oriented toward the rational use of resources, proactive thriftiness, and foundational entrepreneurial experiences is no longer optional, but essential. Entrepreneurship and thrift are increasingly recognized as fundamental socioeconomic behaviors required for navigating the complexities of modern society.Consequently, this study justifies and outlines specific, evidence-based instructional methodologies—such as project-based learning, interactive economic simulations, and gamified financial modeling—that should be systematically utilized to embed these skills starting from early school age. By transitioning away from traditional theoretical instruction toward experiential and student-centered approaches, educators can successfully foster critical thinking, risk assessment, and proactive problem-solving abilities. Ultimately, the research highlights that early and structured pedagogical interventions not only empower students with the practical competencies needed for personal financial independence but also contribute significantly to the broader socio-economic development and ecological sustainability of their communities
resources, thrift education, education, students, ecological culture, didactic approach, education and upbringing, responsible consumption
Implementing didactic opportunities for developing the methodological preparation of future primary school teachers in students through the 4K model
The article examines the fundamental changes in all areas of our lives today, including new methodologies in preschool and primary education, the role of models, the role of 4K skills in the training of future primary school teachers, and the problems of modern education. Future primary school teachers should develop creativity in their native language and reading literacy, which is manifested in thinking, communication, emotions, and a specific type of activity. The incorporation of the 4K model into the pedagogical training of prospective primary school educators has attracted much focus in contemporary educational studies. This paradigm, highlighting essential competencies—knowledge, skills, attitudes, and abilities—provides a basis for the development of student-centered, constructivist instructional methods. The application seeks to provide educational opportunities that improve instructors' capacity to employ innovative teaching methodologies in accordance with contemporary educational requirements.
4K skills, creativity, education system, quality of education, pedagogical conditions, outcomegoal, function clarification, system, essence, textbook, educational materials, education, great curiosity, flexible thinking.
Analysis of Modern Approaches in Foreign Language Teaching Methodology
This article analyzes modern approaches used in foreign language teaching methodology, their theoretical foundations and practical effectiveness. Within the framework of the study, such methods as communicative approach, task-based learning (TBLT), content and language integration (CLIL) and digital technology-based learning (TELL) were studied. The results show that modern methods are characterized by student orientation, interactivity and real communication. These approaches, along with the development of students' language competence, also form their independent thinking and intercultural communication skills. Based on the scientific views of leading foreign scientists and scientific and academic articles in this field, the current development trends in foreign language education are highlighted and their importance in increasing educational efficiency is substantiated. The article also substantiates scientific and theoretical ideas on the analysis of modern approaches to the methodology of teaching foreign languages. Special attention is given to communicative language teaching, task-based learning, content and language integrated learning (CLIL), and technology-enhanced learning. The study highlights the shift from traditional teacher-centered methods to learner-centered and interactive approaches. The findings demonstrate that modern methodologies significantly improve learners’ communicative competence, motivation, and autonomy.
foreign language teaching, methodology, communicative approach, student-centered education, TBLT, CLIL, TELL, interactive education.
Representation of national color in phraseological terms: A comparative analysis of English and Uzbek
This study aims to comparatively analyze phraseological units in Uzbek and English from a linguacultural perspective, to identify the mechanisms and typology through which national color is expressed in phraseological terminology, and to demonstrate the potential application of findings in translation practice and foreign-language teaching methodology.The research employed a mixed-methods design integrating qualitative and quantitative analysis. Comparative-typological, descriptive-analytical, contextual, and componential analysis methods were applied alongside content analysis and a linguacultural approach. Over 120 phraseological units were selected from Uzbek and English reference dictionaries and literary text corpora. Findings were validated by three independent expert raters . The findings demonstrate the necessity of developing linguacultural competence in foreign-language pedagogy, applying specialized strategies for phraseological lacunae in translation, and incorporating cultural glosses into bilingual phraseological dictionaries.
phraseological unit, national color, linguacultural, comparative linguistics, semantic equivalence, metaphorical phraseologism, metonymic phraseologism, cultural lacuna, translation studies.
Early Detection of Deviant Behavior in Child-Rearing Within the Family and Taking Preventative Measures
This article explores the theoretical and practical foundations for the early detection of deviant behavioral signs that begin to manifest in young children, as well as effective methods for implementing preventative measures. The article analyzes the developmental characteristics of behavioral problems in children, psychodiagnostic methods for early detection, and systematic preventative efforts conducted through family-school collaboration. Research results indicate that timely intervention and a comprehensive approach are key factors in protecting children from behavioral deviations during their upbringing.
deviant behavior, early detection, prevention, psychodiagnostics, family relations, pedagogical intervention, social adaptation.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Child’s Impact On The Emotional And Psychological Family Climate
The article examines the impact of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on the emotional and psychological climate of the family. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing prevalence of ASD and the need for a comprehensive understanding of family factors affecting the adaptation of all its members. The emotional reactions of parents, features of intra-family interaction, changes in family role structure, and levels of psychological stress are analyzed. Special attention is paid to parental stress, emotional burnout, and the influence of diagnosis on marital relationships. Both negative and positive transformations of the family climate are considered, including the development of empathy, cohesion, and responsibility. The article summarizes the results of domestic and foreign studies, identifies risk factors and resources for family adaptation. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of systematic psychological support and an interdisciplinary approach.
autism spectrum disorder, family, emotional-psychological climate, parental stress, family adaptation, psychological support, family relations, special educational needs.
Verbal and Nonverbal Signs in Communication: a Semiotic Analysis
This article explores the interplay between verbal and nonverbal signs in human communication within a semiotic framework. Verbal signs, represented by language units, and nonverbal signs, including gestures, facial expressions, body movements, and paralinguistic elements, are examined as integral components of meaning-making. The study highlights how verbal and nonverbal codes interact, complement, or contradict each other in different communicative contexts, shaping the overall interpretation of messages. Special attention is given to cultural variability in the use of nonverbal signs and the pragmatic functions they perform alongside verbal speech, such as reinforcing meaning, expressing emotions, or regulating interpersonal distance. The research draws on examples from everyday discourse, media communication, and intercultural interaction, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive semiotic perspective for understanding communication as a multimodal phenomenon.
verbal signs; nonverbal signs; semiotics; communication; gestures; pragmatics; multimodality; intercultural communication.
Narratives of Dignity and Dispossession: Language, Identity and Social Alienation among Elders in Institutional Homes
India has more seniors needing care while families shrink alongside city growth. The perspective shifts as homes move into facilities. The research check ties linking speech, selfhood, status, plus exclusion felt by those aged folks dwelling inside Lucknow care centers. This work scrutinizes daily talks, small habits, and how personal backgrounds in old age home. Twenty specific older individuals formed participants gathered during deliberate selection for this research. Examining personal stories shows genuine challenges senior populations face when social shifts influence ways people talk about personal dignity and inclusion status. Research methods relied on semi-structured interview so people described life stories involving spoken interaction, social connection, respect, isolation, and internal mood status. Studies show words shape dignity, social belonging, plus identity inside elderly care homes. Elders frequently endured feelings involving sadness during limited connection, varied generations, and reduced daily talks. Shared dialects and traditional habits allowed residents to foster social links plus rediscover self-pride. Maintaining ancestral language provides basic support for personal health and overall comfort during stay periods inside living facilities where residents depend on nurses for high support needs while staying away from regular home bases through life in structured aged centres.
language, identity, social alienation, institutionalized older adults, social connectedness, qualitative study.
Fiction as Archive: A Source-Critical Study of Subaltern Voices in Select Modern Indian Literature
This article examines modern Indian fiction as an alternative archive of subaltern experience through a source-critical and quantitative content-analytical study of four selected literary texts: Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable, Mahasweta Devi’s Draupadi, Bama’s Karukku, and Rohinton Mistry’s A Fine Balance. The study begins from the premise that institutional archives often preserve the documentary memory of power, while fiction frequently preserves the affective, social, and embodied memory of those excluded from dominant historical narration. A total of 200 coded textual passages, with 50 passages selected from each text, were analysed using SPSS. The study examined archive type, subaltern group, voice mode, violence type, resistance level, source value, emotional intensity, and mediation level. The results reveal that caste humiliation, poverty, state violence, resistance, and mediated testimony emerge as major archival categories across the selected texts. The chi-square analysis shows a statistically significant association between selected literary text and archive type, indicating that each text preserves subaltern experience through a distinct representational pattern. The findings also demonstrate that most passages possess high source value and high emotional intensity, although mediation remains a major critical factor. The article concludes that fiction can function as a powerful counter-archive of subaltern life, but only when read critically as a mediated, constructed, and historically situated source rather than as transparent documentary evidence.
fiction as archive; subaltern voices; modern Indian literature; source criticism; counter-archive; Dalit literature; postcolonial fiction; textual content analysis
Protoroot Kap-"Cover" and His Reflexes in Nostratic Languages
The relevance of the topic of the article lies in the fact that in nostratics, information about the protoroot with the meaning "cover" and its reflexes in modern languages are presented separately, nonsystematically, in various publications, are presented out of connection with each other and it is need concentrated consideration. The aim of the research is to coordinate the facts discovered by comparativists and their ideas regarding the origin and transformation of the ancient root with the meaning "cover" in the languages of Eurasia and North Africa within the framework of a comprehensive synthesizing model. In the process of comparative analysis of the facts of the corresponding languages, the proto-form of the verbal meaning "to cover" was reconstructed in the form of *kap-, which could act as the initial beginning of all possible formal semantic transformations and derivatives. The sound transformation of the protoroot was carried out within the framework of such general linguistic phonetic processes as alternation, syncope, apocope, epithesis, lengthening of the interconsonal vowel, diphthongization, metathesis, etc., which led to an increase in sound discrepancies in the phonological appearance of the prototype reflexes. In addition, modern transformations of the root have acquired diverse meanings – procedural ("to close", "to be closed", "to cover", "to hide", "to be hidden", "to cover", "to besiege", "to surround", "to envelop", "to fill", etc.), substantive ("a veil", "a blanket", "a shroud", "a cover", "a bark", "a leather", "an envelope", "a shell", "a bag", "a sack", "a warehouse", "a cellar", "a sheath", "a holster", "a dishes", "a vessel", "a bucket", "a measure", "a sample", "a shape", "a grave", "a coffin", "a prison", "a sheaf", "a bundle", "a armful", "a cart", "a vegetable garden", etc.). These facts indicate that in the process of their development, the lexical units of the language undergo various modifications and they are semantically enriched, branched, preserving elements of ancient meaning, satisfying the increasing need of their native speakers for an adequate nomination of similar and close actions and objects.
nostratics, protoroot, reflexes of a protoroot, kinship of languages, phonetic processes, reconstruction, comparison, semantic derivation.
The Relevance of the Confucius Teachings in the Modern Age
The main purpose of the article is to reveal the ideas of the great Chinese thinker Confucius in detail, to identify the main factors which influenced the formation of his philosophical views, as well as the main stages of the thinker’s life. Research methods: systemic, historical, formal-logical, abstract, analogical, and other methods were used. The article provides information about the concepts of “sun zi” (noble person) and “xiǎo rén” (rotten person) in the teachings of Confucius, and also states such properties of a “noble person” as “ren” (humanity), “li” (custom), “xin” (devotion), “yi” (duty), “zhi” (clear- thinking) in detail. In the final part of the article, it states that the thinker’s ideas are still relevant in solving global problems in our modern society.
Philosophy, Confucius, idea, manners, rules, humanity, customs, loyalty, thinking, person.
The use of robots in the process of algorithmic thinking in primary school pupils
This study is dedicated to the empirical analysis of the effectiveness of using educational robotics in the process of forming and developing algorithmic thinking in primary school students. In the context of a modern digital society, algorithmic thinking, systematic problem solving, decision-making based on sequences, and abstract modeling skills are considered essential components of 21st-century competencies. Results from scientific research on the subject indicate that the logical-operational thinking of children aged 7–11 is in an active stage of development, making this period in human development a favorable pedagogical condition for forming algorithmic thinking and scientifically based concepts.A quasi-experimental method involving experimental and control groups was used in this study. In the experimental group of selected secondary school students, teaching was organized through robotics-based tasks (sensor robots, block programming environment, sequence modeling), while traditional methods were used in the control group. The results were evaluated based on indicators of algorithmic thinking levels, step-by-step problem solving, understanding the content and essence of conditional operators, understanding pedagogical tasks put forward in the lesson, and applying cycles to repeat material covered in the lesson.The results obtained from the experimental trial showed the effectiveness of using robots in increasing students' knowledge and statistically significantly increased students' algorithmic thinking indicators (p < 0.05). In particular, learning through a visual-dynamic environment allowed young students to connect abstract concepts with concrete actions. Furthermore, robotics lessons significantly developed students' motivation, creativity, and collaboration skills. The research results substantiate that integrating robotics in the primary education system is an effective pedagogical tool for developing algorithmic thinking.
Interdisciplinary integration in the teaching of applied sciences
algorithmic thinking, primary education, robotics, STEM, block programming, problem-based learning, competencies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Social Sciences: Theory and Practice
Social stability of a «women» in the epic Manas and in Alisher Navoiy’s works
This study investigates the role of women as key agents of social stability in Central Asian literary heritage through a comparative analysis of the Kyrgyz epic Manas and the works of the great Uzbek poet and thinker Alisher Navoiy. Social stability is understood as the preservation of family continuity, moral values, cultural identity, and national cohesion during periods of social, political, and historical change. The article focuses on the image of the mother-woman and explores how women contribute to social harmony, resilience, and continuity through wisdom, moral authority, intellectual depth, and spiritual strength. In the epic Manas, women—particularly the character of Kanykei—are portrayed as realistic and action-oriented figures who play a decisive role in maintaining social order, protecting lineage, and ensuring national survival. Kanykei embodies maternal devotion, political wisdom, and moral responsibility, functioning as a stabilizing force in times of crisis. In contrast, Alisher Navoiy’s literary works present women primarily as symbolic and philosophical figures. Through Sufi imagery and lyrical expression, Navoiy depicts women as sources of spiritual balance, ethical guidance, and intellectual refinement, whose influence secures moral stability within society.Despite differences in genre and artistic approach, both traditions emphasize women as central pillars of social stability. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the image of woman in Manas and in Navoiy’s works reflects a harmonious synthesis of practical strength and spiritual wisdom, underscoring the enduring significance of women in the cultural and social development of Turkic civilization.
social stability, image of woman, motherhood, cultural identity, moral values, epic tradition, Sufi literature, national continuity.
Integrating Local History Materials into English Language Teaching for Non-Linguistic Students
This article highlights the importance of local history material in the development of speech skills among non-linguistic students (i.e., those who do not specialize in English) in English lessons. Methodological techniques for the effective use of these materials, as well as their application in interactive classes, will also be analyzed. The supporting evidence underscores the significant benefits of integrating local history materials into English language teaching for non-linguistic students. Numerous studies highlight how such integration enhances cultural relevance, fostering a deeper connection between students and the learning content. For instance, Folklore-based materials and local narratives have been shown to improve language skills while simultaneously preserving cultural heritage. Additionally, incorporating local wisdom and regional content can increase student engagement and motivation, making learning more meaningful and contextually relevant. The use of authentic and culturally grounded materials, such as oral histories and local environmental texts, has been demonstrated to promote not only linguistic competence but also cultural awareness and identity formation. Furthermore, the integration of local history fosters critical thinking skills by encouraging students to analyze their cultural context and relate it to global communication. These arguments are supported by empirical evidence indicating that contextualized, culturally relevant materials facilitate more effective language acquisition and foster a sense of pride and belonging among students.
Linguistic problems and language research and education
English, non-linguistic students, speech skills, local history, methodology, communicative approach.
Applying Task-Based Language Teaching Approach in Teaching Reading
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The article outlines a method for improving readers' abilities through a range of reading-related pre-, during, and post-tasks. Understanding information and improving language skills are two key aspects of acquisition that are covered in the intricate interactive process of reading in a target language. Because of the process's complexity, task development calls for unique strategies.<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Assignments could focus on gathering, comprehending, assessing, and analyzing information. t<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">he task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach has been shown to significantly increase student engagement and motivation in reading instruction. According to Eisenring et al., interaction plays a crucial role in language learning, and TBLT emphasizes meaningful communication through authentic tasks, which naturally fosters student interest and active participation. Similarly, the studies by Sukma et al. and Wang highlight that tasks such as drawing activities or problem-solving tasks are positively perceived by students, leading to higher motivation and a more enjoyable learning experience. The use of real-world tasks, like visiting a doctor or conducting interviews, encourages learners to see the relevance of reading activities, thus boosting their intrinsic motivation to engage with texts. Moreover, the incorporation of gamified and collaborative tasks, as seen in the Learning League project, further enhances learners’ confidence and willingness to participate actively in reading activities. Overall, the emphasis on authentic, goal-oriented tasks in TBLT creates a learner-centered environment that motivates students to participate more fully in reading tasks, thereby improving their overall language learning experience.
cognitive, subsequent, content-based, facilitating, discourse, adequate, comprehend, emphasizing, evaluate, assignments.
Psychological Resilience in Family Relationships: An Existential and Ethical Analysis (based on the example of Kyrgyz society)
The scientific article presented to the scientific community analyzes the problem of psychological stability in family relations from a socio-philosophical point of view, namely, on the example of Kyrgyz society, on the basis of existential and ethical approaches. This work scientifically examines the impact of social transformations in modern Kyrgyz society, the significant impact of globalization and changes in values on the internal stability of the institution of the family. The authors interpret the causes of family crises in Kyrgyz society through the prism of existential choice, social consciousness, democracy, responsibility, freedom and moral duty, and also reveal the philosophical foundations of psychological stability. The main purpose of preparing this scientific article is to analyze the psychological stability of family relations in Kyrgyz society through the prism of existential philosophy and ethics. To interpret the issue of psychological stability in family relations in Kyrgyz society, the authors used methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, observation, case analysis, hermeneutics and interviewing, applied in science, and obtained effective results. As a result of the authors' research, it is substantiated that the causes of family crises in Kyrgyz society are associated with positive and negative influences of public views within a globalized framework, with the existential choice of a person, moral responsibility and a system of values. The theoretical and practical significance of the article is determined by philosophical proposals aimed at strengthening the institution of the family.
The world of psychology and spirituality
family, psychological stability, Kyrgyz society, existentialism, social consciousness, ethics, responsibility, morality, values, marriage.
The Desire and Opportunities of Young People to Learn Foreign Languages During the Third Renaissance
This article explores the growing motivation and opportunities among young people to learn foreign languages during the period of the Third Renaissance in Uzbekistan. It examines the social, educational, and technological factors that inspire youth to develop multilingual competence in an increasingly globalized world. The paper highlights government policies, modern teaching methods, and digital learning platforms that enhance language acquisition. Special attention is given to the role of international cooperation, cultural exchange programs, and innovative educational reforms that promote linguistic diversity. The study concludes that the Third Renaissance provides a favorable environment for the younger generation to expand their linguistic skills, strengthen global communication, and contribute to the country’s intellectual and cultural development. The supporting evidence presented in the research underscores a robust and multifaceted desire among young people to learn foreign languages during the Third Renaissance. The increased globalization and cultural exchange, as highlighted by the proliferation of international communication and media, foster a natural inclination toward multilingualism. Technological advancements, such as ICT integration, online platforms, and mobile learning tools, have significantly lowered barriers and expanded opportunities for language acquisition, making learning more accessible and engaging. Educational policies promoting multilingualism and early foreign language instruction further reinforce this trend, with many countries integrating language learning into their curricula from a young age. Additionally, the desire for global careers and intercultural competence motivates young people to pursue language learning as a pathway to future opportunities. These factors collectively demonstrate a compelling support for the notion that young people are both motivated and provided with ample opportunities to learn foreign languages during this period of renewed cultural and technological vitality.
compensation, multinational corporator, migrants, globalization, rating, thirdwakening.
The Degradation of Family Relations and the Tragedy of Human Fate in the Novel by Chingiz Aytmatov "The White Ship"
This scholarly article is devoted to a comprehensive academic analysis of the degradation of family relationships in Chingiz Aytmatov’s short story The White Ship and its tragic impact on human destiny. In the context of twenty-first-century globalization, when the institution of the family as the moral core of society is subjected to serious challenges, the examination of this issue through literary works acquires particular relevance. The article argues that the inability of the family to function as a social and moral institution capable of protecting and spiritually supporting the child leads to a spiritual crisis not only for the individual, but for society as a whole.The primary object of this study is the novella The White Ship, whose thematic focus is centered on the disintegration of family bonds, the legitimation of violence, the loss of moral responsibility, and their impact on an individual’s life trajectory. The aim of the article is to identify the artistic modes of representation and the philosophical substance of the process of degradation of the family institution. To achieve this aim, methods of textual and figurative-semantic analysis were employed, along with socio-philosophical and psychological approaches and the interpretation of mythological motifs. In the course of the study, the image of the child (Nurgazy) in the novella is interpreted as a direct victim of the family crisis. The position of the old man Momun, based on passive humanism, as well as the family relations of Oroskul and Bekey, grounded in violence, are analyzed as artistic representations of degraded family models. The deformation of motherhood, family relations, and sacred human values through the mythological image of the Mother Deer is conceptualized as a tragedy of civilizational scale. In the concluding part of the article, it is substantiated that The White Ship is a work in which the family crisis is interpreted as a universal humanistic problem that retains its scholarly and social relevance in the context of contemporary global society. The findings of this study may serve as a theoretical and methodological foundation for further academic research in literary studies, the humanities, and the philosophy of the family.
pivotal historical moment, individual lives, linguistic traditions, assimilate, pioneering effort, linguistic influences, evolution, historical roots, methodologies.
The Genesis of French Vowels: A Historical Phonetic Analysis
This article explores the historical formation of vowels in the French language and their place in the phonetic system. It examines the changes in vowel sounds during the Old, Middle, and Modern French periods, the loss of diphthongs, and the emergence of nasal vowels, all stemming from Latin. Based on text analysis, the abundance of vowels such as "e" (15-18%), "a" (7-9%), and "i" (6-7%) in contemporary French is identified. Factors such as the stabilization of nasal vowels, simplification of pronunciation, and the influence of the Parisian dialect are investigated. The distinct characteristics of French vowels compared to other Romance languages, particularly the nasal vowels [ɑ̃], [ɛ̃], [õ], [œ̃], are specifically highlighted. The research employs linguistic methods to analyze the evolution of French phonetics. The article makes a significant contribution to understanding the phonetic peculiarities of the French language.
vowels, French language, romance languages, phonetics, sound system, accent marks.
Psychological and Pedagogical Aspects of Forming Family Competence in Young People
This article addresses contemporary issues in preparing youth for family life, the features of developing family competence, and the role of psychological and pedagogical methods in this process. It explains the importance of family values, analyzes key social and economic difficulties affecting the creation and preservation of families. The article presents programs and recommendations for developing skills and knowledge among young people, as well as the role of educational, social, and governmental institutions in implementing effective strategies for preparing future family partners. Emphasis is placed on the need for a systematic approach and intersectoral cooperation to foster a responsible and well-prepared younger generation for family life. The development of family competence in young people is a critical aspect of their personal and social growth, encompassing psychological and pedagogical dimensions. This competence is shaped by various factors, including family dynamics, educational environments, and societal influences. Understanding these influences is crucial for fostering well-adjusted individuals capable of forming and maintaining healthy family relationships. Forming family competence in young people is a multifaceted process that necessitates a holistic approach integrating psychological insights and pedagogical strategies. It requires nurturing supportive family environments, implementing effective educational programs, and addressing the challenges posed by the contemporary information landscape. By fostering social competence, critical thinking, healthy relationships, and a positive outlook on the future, we can equip young people with the essential skills and understanding to build strong, fulfilling family lives.
Intellectual potential, development, labor market, activity, dynamics, macroeconomics, unemployment, enterprise, employment.
Forms of Organising Educational Activities in Literature Reading Lessons in the Primary Grades of Kyrgyzstan
The modern primary education system in Kyrgyzstan is developing in the context of curriculum renewal and a transition to a competency-based education model. The subject "Literary Reading" plays a special role in this process, aiming to develop language culture, moral and aesthetic values, as well as reading and communicative competence in elementary school students. The article examines the main forms of organising students' learning activities in literature lessons, their pedagogical possibilities, and their effectiveness in the context of multilingualism and cultural diversity in Kyrgyzstan. Special attention is given to the national component, game-based, group, and project work methods, as well as practical recommendations for primary school teachers. The existing research underscores the importance of engaging students actively in literature reading lessons to foster motivation and sustained interest. For instance, Marley demonstrated that incorporating concrete representations and tactile activities significantly improved listening comprehension among children with learning difficulties, indicating that multisensory approaches can heighten engagement. Similarly, Williams highlighted that visual literacy activities, such as creating personal interpretations of artwork, can stimulate curiosity and deepen students’ connection to texts, thereby increasing motivation to read. In the context of Kyrgyzstan, integrating interactive methods like storytelling, visual arts, and multimedia resources can serve to captivate primary students’ attention, making literature lessons more appealing and relevant.
global citizenship education (GCE), adult learning, transformative learning theory, critical pedagogy, intercultural competence, lifelong learning.
Family Budget as A Factor of Economic Well-Being
This scientific article examines the importance of strategic planning and management of the family budget in today’s volatile economic conditions. The author explores the economic essence of the family budget and analyzes three primary management models: joint, separate, and mixed.The article presents rules for classifying expenses to ensure the financial stability of the family, as well as practical recommendations for creating a "financial safety net" and fostering a culture of consumption. Furthermore, special emphasis is placed on the impact of financial literacy on the socio-psychological climate within the family and the development of future generations. Empirical studies highlight the crucial importance of family budgets in sustaining financial stability, a fundamental aspect of overall economic well-being. Fergusson et al. emphasize that direct assessments of familial material well-being, including ownership and economizing practices, serve as dependable markers of a family's financial health beyond conventional income measurements. Allegretto similarly asserts that family budgets, which incorporate local and family-specific expenses, provide a more comprehensive view of economic stability than poverty levels alone. The formulation and administration of household budgets significantly affect a family's ability to endure economic disruptions, as evidenced by Malheiros et al., who identified that proficient resource distribution and debt management are essential for the resilience of rural households. Furthermore, Rasool emphasizes that open and accountable household financial management is essential for economic stability, particularly in volatile economic contexts such as Ukraine. These findings together confirm that a well-organized family budget improves financial stability by allowing families to allocate resources effectively, manage debts, and adjust to economic changes, thereby promoting ongoing economic well-being.
polyfunctional words, mathematical model, set, finite set, business processes, modelling, vocabulary.
Bridging the Digital and Traditional: Redefining Teacher Competencies for Hybrid Education
The rapid evolution of educational environments, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has underscored the urgent need for a redefinition of teacher competencies that effectively bridge online and offline teaching. This study explores the theoretical and empirical dimensions of modern teacher qualifications, focusing on the digital skills, pedagogical adaptability, and professional development required to navigate hybrid educational contexts. Drawing upon contemporary literature and comparative analysis, the research examines how teachers can balance face-to-face and virtual instruction while maintaining educational quality and student engagement. The findings highlight that beyond technical proficiency, effective teaching in both modes demands critical soft skills such as communication, flexibility, and emotional intelligence. The study also emphasizes the role of institutional support and continuous training in fostering teacher readiness. Ultimately, this research advocates for a competency-based framework that empowers educators to thrive in dynamic, blended learning ecosystems, ensuring resilience and relevance in a post-pandemic educational landscape. The study explores the redefinition of teacher competencies in hybrid educational contexts, emphasizing the need for a balance between digital skills, pedagogical adaptability, and professional development to effectively bridge online and offline teaching. The study aims to explore the theoretical and empirical dimensions of modern teacher qualifications, focusing on the digital skills, pedagogical adaptability, and professional development required to navigate hybrid educational contexts.
Online and offline teaching, teacher competencies, digital pedagogy, hybrid education, 21st-century skills, professional development, blended learning, COVID-19 and education, educational technology, teacher adaptability.